-
1 party leaders
Политика: партийное руководство, руководители партии -
2 party leaders
партийное руководство, руководители партии -
3 Socialist Party / Partido Socialista
(PS)Although the Socialist Party's origins can be traced back to the 1850s, its existence has not been continuous. The party did not achieve or maintain a large base of support until after the Revolution of 25 April 1974. Historically, it played only a minor political role when compared to other European socialist parties.During the Estado Novo, the PS found it difficult to maintain a clandestine existence, and the already weak party literally withered away. Different groups and associations endeavored to keep socialist ideals alive, but they failed to create an organizational structure that would endure. In 1964, Mário Soares, Francisco Ramos da Costa, and Manuel Tito de Morais established the Portuguese Socialist Action / Acção Socialista Português (ASP) in Geneva, a group of individuals with similar views rather than a true political party. Most members were middle-class professionals committed to democratizing the nation. The rigidity of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) led some to join the ASP.By the early 1970s, ASP nuclei existed beyond Portugal in Paris, London, Rome, Brussels, Frankfurt, Sweden, and Switzerland; these consisted of members studying, working, teaching, researching, or in other activities. Extensive connections were developed with other foreign socialist parties. Changing conditions in Portugal, as well as the colonial wars, led several ASP members to advocate the creation of a real political party, strengthening the organization within Portugal, and positioning this to compete for power once the regime changed.The current PS was founded clandestinely on 19 April 1973, by a group of 27 exiled Portuguese and domestic ASP representatives at the Kurt Schumacher Academy of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung in Bad Munstereifel, West Germany. The founding philosophy was influenced by nondogmatic Marxism as militants sought to create a classless society. The rhetoric was to be revolutionary to outflank its competitors, especially the PCP, on its left. The party hoped to attract reform-minded Catholics and other groups that were committed to democracy but could not support the communists.At the time of the 1974 revolution, the PS was little more than an elite faction based mainly among exiles. It was weakly organized and had little grassroots support outside the major cities and larger towns. Its organization did not improve significantly until the campaign for the April 1975 constituent elections. Since then, the PS has become very pragmatic and moderate and has increasingly diluted its socialist program until it has become a center-left party. Among the party's most consistent principles in its platform since the late 1970s has been its support for Portugal's membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Union (EU), a view that clashed with those of its rivals to the left, especially the PCP. Given the PS's broad base of support, the increased distance between its leftist rhetoric and its more conservative actions has led to sharp internal divisions in the party. The PS and the Social Democratic Party (PSD) are now the two dominant parties in the Portuguese political party system.In doctrine and rhetoric the PS has undergone a de-Marxification and a movement toward the center as a means to challenge its principal rival for hegemony, the PSD. The uneven record of the PS in general elections since its victory in 1975, and sometimes its failure to keep strong legislative majorities, have discouraged voters. While the party lost the 1979 and 1980 general elections, it triumphed in the 1983 elections, when it won 36 percent of the vote, but it still did not gain an absolute majority in the Assembly of the Republic. The PSD led by Cavaco Silva dominated elections from 1985 to 1995, only to be defeated by the PS in the 1995 general elections. By 2000, the PS had conquered the commanding heights of the polity: President Jorge Sampaio had been reelected for a second term, PS prime minister António Guterres was entrenched, and the mayor of Lisbon was João Soares, son of the former socialist president, Mário Soares (1986-96).The ideological transformation of the PS occurred gradually after 1975, within the context of a strong PSD, an increasingly conservative electorate, and the de-Marxification of other European Socialist parties, including those in Germany and Scandinavia. While the PS paid less attention to the PCP on its left and more attention to the PSD, party leaders shed Marxist trappings. In the 1986 PS official program, for example, the text does not include the word Marxism.Despite the party's election victories in the mid- and late-1990s, the leadership discovered that their grasp of power and their hegemony in governance at various levels was threatened by various factors: President Jorge Sampaio's second term, the constitution mandated, had to be his last.Following the defeat of the PS by the PSD in the municipal elections of December 2001, Premier Antônio Guterres resigned his post, and President Sampaio dissolved parliament and called parliamentary elections for the spring. In the 17 March 2002 elections, following Guterres's resignation as party leader, the PS was defeated by the PSD by a vote of 40 percent to 38 percent. Among the factors that brought about the socialists' departure from office was the worsening post-September 11 economy and disarray within the PS leadership circles, as well as charges of corruption among PS office holders. However, the PS won 45 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections of 2005, and the leader of the party, José Sócrates, a self-described "market-oriented socialist" became prime minister.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Socialist Party / Partido Socialista
-
4 Republican Party
Re·ˈpub·lic·an Par·tyAM▪ the \Republican Party die republikanische Partei\Republican Party leaders Führung f der republikanischen Partei\Republican Party member Mitglied nt der republikanischen Partei -
5 Republican Party
Re·'pub·lic·an Par·ty(Am) nthe \Republican Party die republikanische Partei n\Republican Party leaders Führung f der republikanischen Partei;\Republican Party member Mitglied nt der republikanischen Partei -
6 government leaders
government (union, party) leaders правительственные (профсоюзные, партийные) руководители/лидеры -
7 Portuguese Communist Party
(PCP)The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) has evolved from its early anarcho-syndicalist roots at its formation in 1921. This evolution included the undisciplined years of the 1920s, during which bolshevization began and continued into the 1930s, then through the years of clandestine existence during the Estado Novo, the Stalinization of the 1940s, the "anarcho-liberal shift" of the 1950s, the emergence of Maoist and Trotskyist splinter groups of the 1960s, to legalization after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 as the strongest and oldest political party in Portugal. Documents from the Russian archives have shown that the PCP's history is not a purely "domestic" one. While the PCP was born on its own without Soviet assistance, once it joined the Communist International (CI), it lost a significant amount of autonomy as CI officials increasingly meddled in PCP internal politics by dictating policy, manipulating leadership elections, and often financing party activities.Early Portuguese communism was a mix of communist ideological strands accustomed to a spirited internal debate, a lively external debate with its rivals, and a loose organizational structure. The PCP, during its early years, was weak in grassroots membership and was basically a party of "notables." It was predominantly a male organization, with minuscule female participation. It was also primarily an urban party concentrated in Lisbon. The PCP membership declined from 3,000 in 1923 to only 40 in 1928.In 1929, the party was reorganized so that it could survive clandestinely. As its activity progressed in the 1930s, a long period of instability dominated its leadership organs as a result of repression, imprisonments, and disorganization. The CI continued to intervene in party affairs through the 1930s, until the PCP was expelled from the CI in 1938-39, apparently because of its conduct during police arrests.The years of 1939-41 were difficult ones for the party, not only because of increased domestic repression but also because of internal party splits provoked by the Nazi-Soviet pact and other foreign actions. From 1940 to 1941, two Communist parties struggled to attract the support of the CI and accused each other of "revisionism." The CI was disbanded in 1943, and the PCP was not accepted back into the international communist family until its recognition by the Cominform in 1947.The reorganization of 1940-41 finally put the PCP under the firm control of orthodox communists who viewed socialism from a Soviet perspective. Although Soviet support was denied the newly reorganized party at first, the new leaders continued its Stalinization. The enforcement of "democratic centralism" and insistence upon the "dictatorship of the proletariat" became entrenched. The 1940s brought increased growth, as the party reached its membership apex of the clandestine era with 1,200 members in 1943, approximately 4,800 in 1946, and 7,000 in 1947.The party fell on hard times in the 1950s. It developed a bad case of paranoia, which led to a witch hunt for infiltrators, informers, and spies in all ranks of the party. The lower membership figures who followed the united antifascist period were reduced further through expulsions of the "traitors." By 1951, the party had been reduced to only 1,000 members. It became a closed, sectarian, suspicious, and paranoiac organization, with diminished strength in almost every region, except in the Alentejo, where the party, through propaganda and ideology more than organizational strength, was able to mobilize strikes of landless peasants in the early 1950s.On 3 January 1960, Álvaro Cunhal and nine other political prisoners made a spectacular escape from the Peniche prison and fled the country. Soon after this escape, Cunhal was elected secretary-general and, with other top leaders, directed the PCP from exile. Trotskyite and Maoist fractions emerged within the party in the 1960s, strengthened by the ideological developments in the international communist movement, such as in China and Cuba. The PCP would not tolerate dissent or leftism and began purging the extreme left fractions.The PCP intensified its control of the labor movement after the more liberal syndical election regulations under Prime Minister Mar- cello Caetano allowed communists to run for leadership positions in the corporative unions. By 1973, there was general unrest in the labor movement due to deteriorating economic conditions brought on by the colonial wars, as well as by world economic pressures including the Arab oil boycott.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the PCP enjoyed a unique position: it was the only party to have survived the Estado Novo. It emerged from clandestinity as the best organized political party in Portugal with a leadership hardened by years in jail. Since then, despite the party's stubborn orthodoxy, it has consistently played an important role as a moderating force. As even the Socialist Party (PS) was swept up by the neoliberal tidal wave, albeit a more compassionate variant, increasingly the PCP has played a crucial role in ensuring that interests and perspectives of the traditional Left are aired.One of the most consistent planks of the PCP electoral platform has been opposition to every stage of European integration. The party has regularly resisted Portuguese membership in the European Economic Community (EEC) and, following membership beginning in 1986, the party has regularly resisted further integration through the European Union (EU). A major argument has been that EU membership would not resolve Portugal's chronic economic problems but would only increase its dependence on the world. Ever since, the PCP has argued that its opposition to membership was correct and that further involvement with the EU would only result in further economic dependence and a consequent loss of Portuguese national sovereignty. Further, the party maintained that as Portugal's ties with the EU increased, the vulnerable agrarian sector in Portugal would risk further losses.Changes in PCP leadership may or may not alter the party's electoral position and role in the political system. As younger generations forget the uniqueness of the party's resistance to the Estado Novo, public images of PCP leadership will change. As the image of Álvaro Cunhal and other historical communist leaders slowly recedes, and the stature of Carlos Carvalhas (general secretary since 1992) and other moderate leaders is enhanced, the party's survival and legitimacy have strengthened. On 6 March 2001, the PCP celebrated its 80th anniversary.See also Left Bloc.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portuguese Communist Party
-
8 Social Democratic Party / Partido Social Democrático
(PSD)One of the two major political parties in democratic Portugal. It was established originally as the Popular Democratic Party / Partido Popular Democrático (PPD) in May 1974, following the Revolution of 25 April 1974 that overthrew the Estado Novo. The PPD had its roots in the "liberal wing" of the União Nacional, the single, legal party or movement allowed under the Estado Novo during the last phase of that regime, under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano. A number of future PPD leaders, such as Francisco Sá Carneiro and Francisco Balsemão, hoped to reform the Estado Novo from within, but soon became discouraged. After the 1974 Revolution, the PPD participated in two general elections (April 1975 and April 1976), which were crucial for the establishment and consolidation of democracy, and the party won sufficient votes to become the second largest political party after the Socialist Party (PS) in the number of seats held in the legislature, the Assembly of the Republic. The PPD voting results in those two elections were 26.4 percent and 24.4 percent, respectively.After the 1976 elections, the party changed its name from Partido Popular Democrático to Partido Social Democrático (PSD). As political opinion swung from the left to the center and center-right, and with the leadership of Francisco Sá Carneiro, the PSD gained greater popularity and strength, and from 1979 on, the party played an important role in government. After Sá Carneiro died in the air crash of December 1980, he was replaced as party chief and then prime minister by Francisco Balsemão, and then by Aníbal Cavaco Silva. As successors, these two leaders guided the PSD to a number of electoral victories, especially beginning in 1985. After 1987, the PSD held a majority of seats in parliament, a situation that lasted until 1995, when the Socialist Party (PS) won the election.The PSD's principal political program has featured the de-Marxi-fication of the 1976 Constitution and the economic system, a free-market economy with privatization of many state enterprises, and close ties with the European Economic Community (EEC) and subsequently the European Union (EU). After the PSD lost several general elections in 1995 and 1999, and following the withdrawal from office of former prime minister Cavaco Silva, a leadership succession crisis occurred in the party. The party leadership shifted from Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa to Manuel Durão Barroso, and, in 2004, Pedro Santana Lopes.During 2000 and 2001, as Portugal's economic situation worsened, the PS's popularity waned. In the December 2001 municipal elections, the PSD decisively defeated the PS and, as a result, Prime Minister António Guterres resigned. Parliamentary elections in March 2002 resulted in a Social Democratic victory, although its margin of victory over the PS was small (40 percent to 38 percent). Upon becoming premier in the spring of 2002, then, PSD leader Durão Barroso, in order to hold a slim majority of seats in the Assembly of the Republic, was obliged to govern in a coalition with the Popular Party (PP), formerly known as the Christian Democratic Party (CDS). Although the PSD had ousted the PS from office, the party confronted formidable economic and social problems. When Durão Barroso resigned to become president of the EU Commission, Pedro Santana Lopes became the PSD's leader, as prime minister in July 2004. Under Santana Lopes's leadership, the PSD lost the parliamentary elections of 2005 to the PS. Since then, the PSD has sought to regain its dominant position with the Portuguese electorate. It made some progress in doing so when its former leader, Cavaco Silva, was elected president of the Republic of 2006.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Social Democratic Party / Partido Social Democrático
-
9 political party
политическая партия
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
political party
An organized group that has as its fundamental aim the attainment of political power and public office for its designated leaders. Usually, a political party will advertise a common commitment by its leaders and its membership to a set of political, social, economic and/or cultural values. (Source: DUC)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > political party
-
10 Christian Democratic Party
Established originally as the Centro Democático e Social (CDS) in May 1974, following the fall of the Estado Novo, the CDS was supported by conservatives inspired by Christian humanism and Catholic social doctrines. In the first democratic elections after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, which were held on 25 April 1975, the CDS won only a disappointing 7.6 percent of the vote for the Constituent Assembly. In the following general elections for the Assembly of the Republic, in April 1976, however, the party more than doubled its votes to 16 percent and surpassed the number of votes for the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP). In 1979-80, the Christian Democrats joined the Social Democratic Party (PSD) in a coalition called the Aliança Democrática (Democratic Alliance), a grouping that defeated the Socialist Party (PS) in the succeeding elections. The Christian Democrats remained in the background as the principal party rivals for power were the PS and the PSD.In the 1990s, the CDS altered its name to the Partido Popular (PP) and featured new leaders such as party chief Paulo Portas. While the democratic Portuguese system had become virtually a two-party dominant system by the 1980s and 1990s, the PP would have opportunities, depending upon circumstances, to share power in another coalition with one of the two larger, major parties, the PS or PSD. Indeed, parliamentary election results in March 2002 gave the party just such an opportunity, as the PP won 14 percent of the vote, thus surpassing for the first time since the 1975 elections the PCP, which was reduced to 12 percent of the vote. The PP thus gained new influence as the PSD, which won the largest number of seats in this election, was obliged to share governance with the PP in order to have a working majority in the legislature.Various right-wing lobbies and interest groups influenced the PP. In early 2000, the PP proposed a law to the Assembly of the Republic whereby former colonists, now mainly resident in Portugal, who had lost property in Portugal's former colonies of Angola and Mozambique, would be compensated by Portugal for material losses during decolonization. The PP leadership argued that the manner in which the governments after the Revolution of 25 April 1974 administered the disputed, controversial decolonization process in these territories made the government responsible for compensating Portuguese citizens for such losses. The PS-dominated government of then prime minister, Antônio Guterres, argued, however, that independent governments of those former colonies were responsible for any compensation due. Thus, Guterres declined to accept the proposed legislation. This proposal by the PP and others like it followed upon other proposed laws such as Law 20, 19 June 1997, put before the Assembly of the Republic, which was passed under the aegis of the PS. This law pledged to compensate opposition militants (the survivors) who had opposed the Estado Novo and had spent years in exile, as well as in clandestine activities. Such compensations would come in the form of pensions and social security benefits. Given the strength of conservative constituencies and former settlers' lobbies, it is likely that the Christian Democrats will introduce more such proposed laws in future parliamentary sessions.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Christian Democratic Party
-
11 trusted leaders of the party
trusted leaders of the party (of the nation) руководители, пользующиеся доверием партии (народа)English-Russian combinatory dictionary > trusted leaders of the party
-
12 (the) leaders of the party
English-Russian combinatory dictionary > (the) leaders of the party
-
13 leader
n1) руководитель; глава; лидер; вождь2) передовая статья, передовица•to censure a government leader in Parliament — принимать вотум недоверия руководителю правительства в парламенте
to stick with one's leader — сохранять верность своему лидеру
- adviser to a military leaderto take over as party leader — приходить к руководству партией; принимать обязанности лидера партии
- all-powerful leader
- authoritative leader
- block leader
- caretaker leader
- change of leaders
- charismatic leader
- church leader
- civil rights leader
- community leader
- Congressional leader
- conservative leader
- coup leader
- de facto leader
- decisive leader
- deputy leader
- divided leaders
- effective leader
- embattled leader
- experienced leader
- fall of a leader
- floor leader
- group leader
- high-ranking party leader
- ideological leader
- in defiance of their leader
- incoming leader
- industrial leader
- key Arab leaders
- labor leader
- leader of a mutiny
- leader of Congress
- leader of the House of Commons
- leader of the House of Lords
- leader of the Senate
- leader-in-waiting
- leaders of the disturbances
- leaders of the government
- leftist political leader
- longtime leader
- majority leader
- media leaders
- militarist leaders
- military leader
- minority leader
- moderate leader
- national leader
- opinion leaders
- opposition leader
- outstanding leader
- parliamentary leader
- party leaders
- political leader
- popular leader
- popularly elected leader
- powerful leader
- progressive leader
- progressive-minded leader
- prominent leader
- protest leader
- public leader
- radical leader
- rebel military leader
- recognized leader
- reform-minded leader
- regime leaders
- religious leader
- removal of political leaders
- rightful leader
- second-ranking leader
- self-proclaimed leader
- Senate majority leader
- spiritual leader
- state leader
- stop-gap leader
- strike leader
- strong leader
- stuck-in-the-mud political leader
- supreme leader
- team leader
- titular leader
- top leaders
- top political leaders
- trade-union leaders
- underground leaders of an uprising
- undisputed leader
- union leader
- war leader
- weak leader
- worthy leader
- youth leader -
14 leader
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] acknowledged leader[English Plural] acknowledged leaders[Swahili Word] nambawani[Swahili Plural] manambawani[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] choir leader[English Plural] choir leaders[Swahili Word] kongwe[Swahili Plural] kongwe[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10an[Terminology] music------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] akida[Swahili Plural] maakida[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] amiri[Swahili Plural] maamiri[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] chifu[Swahili Plural] machifu[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] hakimu[Swahili Plural] mahakimu[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an[Derived Word] hukumu[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] kichwa[Swahili Plural] vichwa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] kinara[Swahili Plural] vinara[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8an[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] kiongozi[Swahili Plural] viongozi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8an[Derived Word] -ongoa[English Example] you all will listen to he who will be your <b>leader</b>[Swahili Example] mtamsikilizia huyu ambaye atakuwa <b>kiongozi</b> wenu------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mkubwa[Swahili Plural] wakubwa[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Derived Language] Swahili[Derived Word] kubwa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mkufunzi[Swahili Plural] wakufunzi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Derived Word] funda N------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mkugenzi[Swahili Plural] wakugenzi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mkuru[Swahili Plural] wakuru[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Derived Word] kuu Adj[English Example] party leader.[Swahili Example] mkuu wa chama (kiti) [Rec]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mkurufunzi[Swahili Plural] wakurufunzi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Derived Word] funda N------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mkurugenzi[Swahili Plural] wakurugenzi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Note] rare------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu[English Example] Those brave leaders liberated them.[Swahili Example] Wakuu hao jasiri waliwaokoa [Masomo 85]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mtangulizi[Swahili Plural] watangulizi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mtawala[Swahili Plural] watawala[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mwongozi[Swahili Plural] waongozi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Derived Word] ongoa V[English Example] responsible leader.[Swahili Example] mwongozi mwenye madaraka------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] ras[Swahili Plural] ras[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] rasi[Swahili Plural] rasi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] rubani[Swahili Plural] marubani[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an[English Example] choir leader[Swahili Example] rubani la kwaya------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] shaha[Swahili Plural] mashaha[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] sheha[Swahili Plural] mashaha[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] shehe[Swahili Plural] mashehe[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] sheikh[Swahili Plural] masheikh[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] shekhe[Swahili Plural] mashekhe[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] sheki[Swahili Plural] masheki[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader (esp.of a caravan or an expendition)[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mnyampara[Swahili Plural] wanyapara[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader (esp.of a caravan or an expendition)[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] mnyapara[Swahili Plural] wanyapara[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader (Moslem)[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] kadhi[Swahili Plural] makadhi[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6an------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader of singing (at dances)[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] malenga[Swahili Plural] walenga[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] leader of singing (at dances)[English Plural] leaders[Swahili Word] manju[Part of Speech] noun------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] party leader[English Plural] party leaders[Swahili Word] mkuu wa chama[Swahili Plural] wakuu wa chama[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Terminology] political------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] title of a leader[English Plural] leadership titles[Swahili Word] fumbo[Swahili Plural] mafumbo[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 5/6[Related Words] fumo------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] village leader[English Plural] village leaders[Swahili Word] kiongozi cha kijiji[Swahili Plural] viongozi vya kijiji[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 7/8an[Derived Word] -ongoa------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] wire leader on a fishing line[English Plural] wire leaders[Swahili Word] sufuri[Swahili Plural] sufuri[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10[Dialect] Kimvita[Terminology] marine------------------------------------------------------------ -
15 Parteispitze
* * *Par|tei|spit|zefparty leadership, party leaders pl* * *Par·tei·spit·zef head of the party, party leadership* * * -
16 jerarca
f. & m.chief, dignitary, hierarch.m.high-ranking person, leader.* * *1 hierarch* * *SM leader, chief, heirarch frm* * *masculino y femenino (Relig) hierarch (frml), leader* * *masculino y femenino (Relig) hierarch (frml), leader* * *los jerarcas del partido the party leaders* * *
jerarca sustantivo masculino y femenino
leader
* * *jerarca nm[de iglesia] leader;los jerarcas del partido the party bosses* * *m leader* * *jerarca nmf: leader, chief -
17 руководство руководств·о
передавать руководство кому-л. — to resign one's government / leadership to smb.
принять руководство от кого-л. — to assume the leadership from smb.
работать под чьим-л. руководством — to work under smb.
квалифицированное руководство — competent direction / management
коллегиальное / коллективное руководство — collective leadership
2) собир. (руководители) leaders, leadership, governing bodyвоенно-политическое руководство — military-political leaders / leadership
высшее руководство — top leaders / leadership, high command
партийное руководство — party leaders / leadership
руководство комиссии / комитета — senior commission / committee officials
3) (то, чем нужно руководствоваться) guiding principle, guideRussian-english dctionary of diplomacy > руководство руководств·о
-
18 mkuu
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] director[English Plural] directors[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] head[English Plural] heads[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu[Swahili Example] yule mama amechaguliwa kuwa mkuu wa kamati[English Example] that woman has been chosen to be the head of the committee------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] manager[English Plural] managers[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] superior[English Plural] superiors[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu wa shule[Swahili Plural] wakuu wa shule[English Word] principal[English Plural] principals[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] leader[English Plural] leaders[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu[Swahili Example] Wakuu hao jasiri waliwaokoa [Masomo 85][English Example] Those brave leaders liberated them.------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] chairman[English Plural] chairmen[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] Mkuu wa Mkoa[Swahili Plural] Wakuu wa Mkoa[English Word] Regional Commissioner[English Plural] Regional Commissioners[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Swahili Example] mkuu huyo wa mkoa ameziagiza halmashauri hizo kuweka mikakati madhubuti wa ukusanyaji wa ushuru [ http://216.69.164.44/ipp/itv/2005/05/12/39266.html ITV][English Example] the Regional Commissioner charged the committee with implementing precise strategies for the collection of the taxes[Terminology] political[Note] Tanzania------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu wa chama[Swahili Plural] wakuu wa chama[English Word] party leader[English Plural] party leaders[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Terminology] political------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] commander[English Plural] commanders[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu[Terminology] military------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] president[English Plural] president[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu[Swahili Example] mkuu wa kampuni anajua majina ya kila mfanyakazi wake[English Example] the president of the company knows the names of all his employees------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu wa serikali[Swahili Plural] wakuu wa serikali[English Word] head of state[English Plural] heads of state[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Terminology] political------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu wa dola[Swahili Plural] wakuu wa dola[English Word] head of state[English Plural] heads of state[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Terminology] political------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] cadre[English Plural] cadres[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu[Terminology] political------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] mkuu[Swahili Plural] wakuu[English Word] elder[English Plural] elders[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 1/2[Related Words] kuu------------------------------------------------------------ -
19 Parteiführung
Par|tei|füh|rungfleadership of a party; (Vorstand) party leaders pl or executive* * *Par·tei·füh·rungfdie \Parteiführung innehaben to exercise the party leadership, to be [the] party leaderdie \Parteiführung übernehmen to assume [or take on] [or take over] the party leadership, to become [the] party leader* * *die party leadership* * *die party leadership -
20 руководитель руководител·ь
leader, head; (администратор) executive; (управляющий) managerноминальный / фиктивный руководитель — phantom leader
руководитель аппарата сотрудников Белого дома (США) — Chief of Staff of the White House, Presidential Chief of Staff
руководитель делегации — leader / head of the delegation
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > руководитель руководител·ь
См. также в других словарях:
Party leaders of the United States Senate — Majority Leader of the United States Senate Democratic Leader Incumbent … Wikipedia
Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives — Majority Leader of the United States House of Representatives Republican Leader … Wikipedia
List of Nazi Party leaders and officials — Part of a series on Nazism … Wikipedia
List of United Kingdom Whig and allied party leaders 1801-1859 — During the nineteenth century the Whigs, Radicals and Peelites gradually evolved into the Liberal Party. The Liberal Party was formally eatablished in 1859 and continued to exist until it merged with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to create… … Wikipedia
List of United Kingdom Liberal Party leaders — The Liberal Party was formally established in 1859 and continued to exist until it merged with the Social Democratic Party in 1988 to create the Liberal Democrats. This article provides a List of United Kingdom Liberal Party Leaders.Leadership… … Wikipedia
Assistant party leaders of the United States Senate — This article is part of the series: United States Senate … Wikipedia
List of third party leaders (Quebec) — This is a list of politicians who served as third party leaders at the National Assembly of Quebec. Parties with fewer than twelve Members of the National Assembly (MNA) 12 members and less than 20% of the vote do not have official party status… … Wikipedia
List of Green party leaders in Canada — This is a List of Green party Leaders and Deputy Leaders in CanadaReferences … Wikipedia
List of United Kingdom Labour Party leaders — This is a list of the leaders of the Labour Party.The post of Leader of the Labour Party was created in 1922. Before this (1906 22) the post was known as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party. Thorpe, Andrew. (2001) A History Of The British… … Wikipedia
Party discipline — is the ability of the parliamentary group of a political party to get its members to support the policies of the party leadership. In a liberal democratic context, it usually refers to the control that party leaders have over its legislative… … Wikipedia
List of Malta Labour Party leaders — The post of Leader of the Labour Party was created in 1928. Before this (1921 28) the post was known as President of the Camera del Lavoro (Labour Party)† Although technically leader of the Malta Labour Party, Mangion only assumed this role… … Wikipedia
